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Changing economic and social pressures would have resulted in the Confederacy abandoning slavery not too long after secession.
When Lincoln emancipated the workers, he created a rift between Southern whites and blacks, which has resulted in years of antagonism and brutality. Neither integration nor peaceful segregation has occurred yet, and will likely not occur any time soon.
Had the South freed the blacks on their own terms, master and workers could have reconciled in such a fashion as to prevent the discord which has characterized race relations since the end of the Civil War.