If you can afford or have access to a gym, then you want to do weightlifting, plain and simple. Calisthenics can fatigue the CNS because it involves so much full body movements and high reps. Since they're full body, calisthenics exercises are harder to target certain muscles.
The only possible alternative to weightlifitng is weighted calisthenics, where you have a weight vest while doing squats, pushups, pullups, etc. Weighted chins are even part of many weightlifting programs, such as Kinobody, Greyskull, etc..
I did cali. for a while and I found I had to start using a weighted vest to advance any further. I initially came to calisthenics because I believed that weightlifting was bad for my posture and joints, but I think it was just because I had a bad lifting form and was not progressing properly. I believed at the time that mankind was not meant to be altered by modern contraptions, such as weights, and the best way to work out would be to do things our ancestors did, like hang, crawl, etc. The reality was that I was simply spending too much time on the computer, hence I had a bad posture. I now basically subscribe to the Greg O'Gallagher Kinobody paradigm which is that you need to walk a lot, and keep your strength sessions short.
Contrary to what some would say, I would actually recommend a newbie do calisthenics to start a base level of strength, and then move on to weights (if they don't already have access to a gym). A lot of people fail at their first try, so your first try should be something that is free, i.e. calisthenics. Calisthenics also is a bit endurance/cardio focused, so if that's also something most newbs need to develop. Anyways, most of the prerequisites for squatting deadlifts, (planks). and even many warmups are actually calisthenics. Also, I think pretty much everyone at some point has to workout without a gym, so you might as well learn calisthenics.