>knees beyond toes
Broscience. Don't even. It's decent enough advice for some people because they have their knees so far out due to putting the weight on their toes. But it's in no way an actual rule you need to follow.
>belt
The belt gives you something to push your abdomen against, enabling you to keep your core more stable while squatting/deadlifting (pointless in bench). It is not a brace. If it allows you to lift more weight, it is because you have poor muscular control, not because it actually puts any weight off the lift. If you're gonna use a belt, use it on your work sets, not warmup. It's good to learn properly what you need to focus on to keep a tight core rather than letting the belt do the thinking for you.
>wraps
Do they fuck your knees in the long run? They can, if you use them when it's not appropriate. Contrary to the belt, wraps do in fact take weight off the squat and lets you squat more that way. This changes your muscular development if you use them all the time. Use them if you're a competitive powerlifter doing really heavy doubles or singles. Otherwise, don't bother. Also, it's important to note that what Klokov is using in the picture are knee sleeves, not wraps. There's a difference. Those are basically just there to provide warmth and compression, which helps you avoid injury. There's not really any negative to using them. Do as you wish.
Of course, you'd know all of this and more already if you read Starting Strength.
Seriously, read the book, it's great. Even if you don't intend to do the program, you should have read the book. There's a lot of good knowledge in it.