Data rate is determined by bandwidth, which is largely determined by frequency, and frequency determines range.
Long range = (relatively) low frequency = low bandwidth = low data rate.
High data rate = high bandwidth = (relatively) high frequency = short range.
This is why your WiFi runs at 2 or 5 gigahertz, transmits tens or hundreds of megabits per second, and barely leaves the house, while amateur packet radio can run at a few megahertz, transmits at a few tens or hundreds of baud and can cover the entire globe with the same power level.
Theoretically you could achieve almost any speed you wanted via amateur radio, you would just be constrained to line-of-site as speeds increased due to the required directivity of the antenna.
The Icom ID-1 has an ethernet port built in for up to 128 kilobit/s data, but it's designed for use with their proprietary DSTAR system so I'm not sure anybody is really using it at the moment.