For getting licensed refer to here:
https://www.rac.ca/
The process varies by country, but currently all require a test you need to pass.
For equipment, well I have no idea about what you want to do or what your budget is. But before having a license many people listen to the bands. A cheap and capable reciever is the RTL-SDR stick.
It covers 24-1700MHz stock and costs under 10usd. So it covers the hambands:
12m, 10m, 6m, 4m(EU only), 2m, 1.25m(usa only), 70cm, 33cm(usa only) and 23cm.
More info on those here:
http://www.rtl-sdr.com/rtl-sdr-quick-start-guide/
and here:
https://www.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR
there is also an irc channel over at freenode
##rtl-sdr
You can also listen to online receivers here:
http://websdr.org/
LF-30MHZ http://websdr.ewi.utwente.nl:8901/
After you get licensed the chinese 2m/70cm handheld radios are a popular thingto pick up first. The value for money is good, but these are out performed by more expensive radios.
Currently the GT-3 Mark2 from SainSonic or Cheap chinese garbage (cheap chinese garbage (baofeng)) seems to be the best chaise.
The Cheap chinese garbage (cheap chinese garbage (baofeng)) UV-B5 and UV-82 are also popular. UV-5R is most popular by sheer legacy, but newer handhelds have surpassed it in performance.
And this is just scratching the surface to all of this.