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/histories/ - Humanidades y ciencias sociales

Explicación de la realidad a través de nuestras realidades y pasado

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File: 1432364559538.png (67.38 KB, 1280x977, 1280:977, Boards of interest.png)

 No.103[Reply]

Seeing how 8chan is such a unique imageboard, where users can make their own board, there are a lot of very interesting boards that are hidden under the fifteen most popular ones.

Because of that, I thought it would be a great idea to tell people about these interesting and uknown boards. If you want to recommend one, just post them on this thread and they'll be added to the OP.

/pn/ - Politics and News

An open minded board dedicated to share news. By nature, you're allowed to post any kind of news, no matter your political stand and you won't be banned.

>>>/pn/

/freedu/ - Free Education

>The idea is to get a board going where people can come to find free educational resources, and ask others where they might find educational material on a particular topic.

>>>/freedu/

/32/ - Psychopolitics

>Psychopolitics is the use of psychology to achieve political goals.

>The main goal of the board is sharing information that will allow us to learn to detect, resist and possibly apply coercive techniques.

>>>/32/

/vex/ - Vexillology & Heraldry

>This is a place for discussing flags and coats-of-arms. Doesn't matter if you want to do it scholarly or casually; doesn't matter if you're discussing flags of real countries or heraldry of Westeros, or if you're making OC of your own, this is a place for that.

>>>/vex/

2 posts omitted. Click reply to view.
Post last edited at

 No.160

Could you add >>>/vex/ to this list? I'm trying to get the board started.




File: 1430271933726.jpg (25.95 KB, 456x342, 4:3, free-speech.jpg)

 No.1[Reply]

Welcome to this new board, where everyone is welcome to learn and ask about History and all social sciences. This board is for historians,sociologists, psychologists, university students and even fanatics of these disciplines to discuss and learn about new subjects and expand their knowledge and views of the world.

You're encourage to post academic articles of all kind and they'll be received with an open mind. No discussion will be banned or censored, no matter your ideology, nationality, theories, formation or religion, you will always be able to speak freely.

However, national attacks are highly discouraged. You can and should be able speak about other people's history and society, but don't use it to insult other posters. On the same line, don't get offended by other people's ideas of your social, economic and cultural realities. Let us all breath and use this platform as a place to share knowledge and understand the present through the past.

Post last edited at


File: 1432314391664.jpg (47.3 KB, 468x313, 468:313, industrial-revolution.jpg)

 No.94[Reply]

Okay, I know this board is starting really slow, but hopefully traffic picks up.

What was the deal with the Industrial Revolution? Did it end in the early 20th century or is it still happening? It seems like the communication revolution (phones, internet, etc.) is just a natural continuation of a technological period that keeps adding on to itself.

I mean, we had cars taking off at the turn of the 20th century, along with widespread electricity. And that gave ways to more electronics and related technologies throughout the middle of the 20th century, with satellites, house phones, nuclear energy, etc. Then right into the internet and cell phones where we are now. The industrial revolution is taught to us as a distinct period that started and ended pretty much in the 19th century, but if that were true wouldn't we still be in the same place more or less than we were in the 20s?

What's the deal with this? Am I totally misunderstanding this, because it seems like halfway through the 19th century humanity's technological progress sped up exponentially. If this is true, why is this happening?

It seems to me like it's the biggest change in human society since the development of agriculture, which completely redefined what it meant to be human. Can we expect this technological revolution to do the same?

11 posts omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.125

I would argue it's both.

>a time when people who work the lands actually owned them

That's compatible with socialism, and their leaders are heavily influenced by Marxism and socialist anarchism.

The goal is definitely freedom from neo-liberal economics and imperialism with a focus on the indigenous population, but the systems they use are self declared libertarian socialist in nature.


 No.126

>>125

>and their leaders are heavily influenced by Marxism and socialist anarchism.

I think you're confusing Zapata with the Flores Magon brothers. These two were fighting in northern Mexico and read about socialism and anarchism, but Zapata was a "cacique" in the center of Mexico. He didn't read Marx or other socialist writers, so he and his land workers had no influence by them.

Also you're making a big mistake, neo-liberalism didn't exist up until the 80s. Zapata and his troops weren't fighting against american imperialism because it didn't affect them (in fact, american imperialism only began to exist since 1898 after the "liberation" of Cuba), they were fighting against land owners.

Also I just realized my mistake, when I said the Zapatista movement, I mean the one from Emiliano Zapata from the mexican revolution, no the new zapatistas from the year 1994.

My apologies.

Post last edited at

 No.127

>>94

It is a common mistake to think of ages, epochs and revolutions as boundaries that surround certain periods of time and locations, precisely defining them. History, as it turns out, is much more complicated than that. Because processes like the fall of the roman empire and the renaissance take several decades, individuals living during those times are unlikely to perceive the massive shift that is happening around them. Instead of a line with a bunch of markers telling us the start and the beginning of things, think of history as a somewhat linear collection of Venn diagrams. It isn't really our job to determine if we are still part of that process, that job falls to the historians who are yet to be born.

If we define an age as a period of time during which a significant set of circumstances is present and partially contained, I would say that the length of ages will tend to decrease, as the speed of changes increases geometrically. But that's just my opinion.


 No.158

>>127

I completely agree.

Post last edited at

 No.165

old thing




YouTube embed. Click thumbnail to play.

 No.153[Reply]

 No.154

YouTube embed. Click thumbnail to play.

BBC Documentary relating to the treatment of ethnic Germans immediately after the Second World War.


 No.156

>>153

>>154

>nazi and holocaust revisionism

Jeez, I wouldn't want to be the historian that wants to box with that subject. Can you imagine all the criticism he will receive just by even thinking of working it?




File: 1430373760930.jpg (159.17 KB, 600x379, 600:379, shutterstock_83142040.jpg)

 No.12[Reply]

I bring you a very special book, published even before the works of Yanagita Kunio. Shinto, The way of the gods was published in 1905 and is a study of the Shinto religion in Japan. I'll be honest with you, I haven't had the time to read it yet, though I still want to share it with you.

Hopefully you will like it.

 No.13


 No.151

How is the book?


 No.155

To be completely honest, it's not an easy book, both because of when it was written and the subject it's about. If you want, there's the Legends of Tono book I also posted. This one is much easier, a less academic lecture that everyone can enjoy.




File: 1432156770490.jpg (14.9 KB, 385x185, 77:37, 2358541.jpg)

 No.72[Reply]

Let's have a thread sharing and discussing some historical music, shall we?

I'll start with some Ancient Greek music:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mIXEBxW89s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPCtQe8RN4c

The two Delphic Hymns to Apollo. The 1st one was probably written by Athēnaios, son of Athēnaios in 138 BC, while the 2nd one was written in 128 BC by Limenios. Both were written for the occasion of Pythian Games in Delphi, a festival similar to the more famous Olympic Games. Just as the Olympic Games were performed in honour of Zeus, the Pythian games were performed in honour of Apollo, who had an oracle in Delphi. Apollo was also the leader of the nine Muses, so he was therefore also a patron deity of artists, so the Pythian games also included competitions in music, acting and painting.

Ancient Greek music differed from current Western European music in that it's not based on scales and harmony, but on musical modes. Each musical mode is a set of notes that is used to construct melodic progression (somewhat similar to the rāgas in Indian classical music), which helps set the tonal temperament of the melody. Each musical mode was traditionally named after a Greek tribe and each of them was ascribed a certain characteristic (for example, the Dorian mode was described by Plato as harsh). However, in practice this wasn't always 100% followed (which Plato didn't like, he preferred well-constructed to good-sounding music). Both Delphic Hymns switch modes; the first one has two long parts while the second one has 10 sections. The main reason for this was the limitation of instruments, which were tuned to a specific scale and weren't as versatile as modern instruments.

But, how do we know what the music actually sounded like? Ancient Greeks also devised their own system of musical notation, which was described well enough that scholars were able to transcribe several surviving pieces of music into modern notation. By constructing iPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

1 post omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.80

>>73

>>72

Beautiful. In fact, I think I have that album. If you don't mind, I can upload all the songs on a folder and upload them on the board.


 No.87

File: 1432277087057.jpg (2.31 MB, 2000x1986, 1000:993, gm_00837001.jpg)

>>72

>>73

Ok, here it is, for everyone that is interested, the album Music of Greek Antiquity.

Edit: Updated the link.

https://mega.co.nz/#F!k0lxXBhQ!gOxnq7v4b8KeLiifr4_tPw

Post last edited at

 No.90

>>87

link doesn't work, it should look like mega.co.nz/#[10charhash]![decryptionkey]


 No.91

>>90

>>87

Whoops, my bad.

https://mega.co.nz/#F!k0lxXBhQ!gOxnq7v4b8KeLiifr4_tPw

There we go, sorry for the inconvenience.


 No.152

YouTube embed. Click thumbnail to play.

"The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving example of a complete musical composition, including musical notation, from anywhere in the world. The song, the melody of which is recorded, alongside its lyrics, in the ancient Greek musical notation, was found engraved on a tombstone, near Aidin, Turkey (not far from Ephesus). The find has been dated variously from around 200 BC to around AD 100.

Also on the tombstone is an indication that states:

I am a tombstone, an icon. Seikilos placed me here as an everlasting sign of deathless remembrance.

While older music with notation exists (for example the Delphic Hymns), all of it is in fragments; the Seikilos epitaph is unique in that it is a complete, though short, composition.

The following is a transliteration of the words which are sung to the melody, and an English translation:

Hoson zēs, phainou

Mēden holōs sy lypou;

Pros oligon esti to zēn

To telos ho chronos apaitei

While you live, shine

Don't suffer anything at all;

Life exists only a short while

And time demands its toll.

Here is performed by the music group : SAVAE"




File: 1431683082717.jpg (50.48 KB, 420x281, 420:281, nationalism-defining-ameri….jpg)

 No.50[Reply]

Hello, sorry for being away for those few that browse this board, being a little busy lately. This time, I want to share with you a very interesting book, that explains the racial bases of american nationalism and the Anglo-saxon identity, showing themselves as superior to other human groups.

 No.51

File: 1431683610466.jpg (116.4 KB, 800x525, 32:21, usa.jpg)


 No.85

Can you upload it here?

I'm too retarded to use that site.


 No.86

>>85

I tried but it's too big for this site, it won't upload the post. Hold on, let me see if I can upload it somewhere else.

Post last edited at

 No.88


 No.150

>>88

Thank you very much.




File: 1432537815097.jpg (354.65 KB, 1024x961, 1024:961, wodan.jpg)

 No.128[Reply]

General thread for discussion of the Germanic tribes, from the Indo-Aryan split to the early Christian era.

I know a pretty huge amount of their history, lore and archaeology and a decent amount of their linguistics (I cant speak proto-germanic obviously but I can tell you where certain words in modern germanic languages originate, for example the word wutend in German means "fury" and originates from Wotan, the German war god.

Feel free to ask questions and discuss

To get the thread rolling, lets discuss the Germanic reaction to Christianity (plz no "muh kike on a stick" or "muh larping treehuggers", lets just make this a scholarly discussion)

Why did some tribes embrace Christ fully and immediately, some tribes gradually accept Christian customs and mix them with their own, and other tribes outright despised Christianity and had to be forced into conversion.

9 posts and 1 image reply omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.144

>>143

Yes, Sol Invictus was both the goddess of the sun and the sun herself. She used to merely be another Roman god but during the late Roman period, shortly before the arrival of Christ, She was being worshiped as the supreme god ruling over all the others. Her cult was in some ways assimilated into Catholicism, for example the Chi-Rho was originally a symbol for the sun cult but its meaning was reapplied to Christ.

and yeah, politics were a major reason that the germanics converted. once the king converted it was pretty much over for that tribes culture. The last Norse pagans, the Icelandics, converted peacefully because Christendom had laws preventing trade with non-Christians at that time. Since Iceland relied on imports for most of their supplies they were economically pressured to convert.

Ironically though, their peaceful conversion is what kept many pagan traditions alive in Iceland and allowed them to be recorded later on in the Prose and Poetic Eddas.


 No.145

>>144

Oh, another thing about Sol Invictus' influence on Catholicism; the reason that Jews and old Christians worshiped on Saturday but modern christians do it on sunday is because of constantine. Early on he was a member of the sun cult but tolerated christians, however he demanded that they worship on the day of sun


 No.146

>>144

>She used to merely be another Roman god but during the late Roman period, shortly before the arrival of Christ, She was being worshiped as the supreme god ruling over all the others

You may say heh but I already know this because of some video game rome totalwar barbarian invasion

Question is why? Why it became important?


 No.148

>>146

no clue to be honest. I think it was a monogram for Pax Christos or something (the greek word for christ starts with an X)

Im not a specialist in Roman history so I dont feel at liberty to say, my main point of interest is the Germanic and Celtic tribes


 No.149

>>148

I think you are mixing up two terms here. Roman 'propaganda' widely used the term Pax Romana [Roman Peace], sometimes refered to as Pax Augusta. Which corresponds to the same general idea of spreading 'civilisation' to the barbarians.

Chi-Rho is simply a monogram of the first two letters of the epithet Christ in the Greek AlphaBet. ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ = Christus. Just think of the Jesus fish, ΙΧΘΥΣ/ICHTUS = Iēsous Christos, Theou Yios, Sōtēr/Jesus Christ, Son of God, Saviour. These kind of abbreviations/acronyms/symbols were not uncommon. Don't know about the Sol Invictus cult so can't comment on that aspect of the symbol.>>148

>>>148




File: 1432384557375.jpg (247.84 KB, 2409x1695, 803:565, 1432335739650-2.jpg)

 No.106[Reply]

Let's discuss and post information about the Russian revolution of October 1917 which formed the USSR, and the events leading up to it.

6 posts and 6 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.120

>>107

The USSR was communism? It was a self proclaimed socialist state, wasn't it? Communism is the ultimate state of Marx's progress. The only self proclaimed communist state was China, but that was more of a political movement, to show the world that "hey, we're ahead of all of you."


 No.123

Okay, it wasn't communism as described by Marx as the ultimate goal of socialism, but Marx's definition is not the only definition. Communism has come to mean largely the same thing as socialism and the difference between the two depends on who you're talking to.


 No.130

>>106

Do you have any information on the influences of the different soviets on Weimar's Germany?


 No.136

>>106

The events leading up to it can not be objectively cut off at any particular year. The reforms of the 1860s and 1870s were slow and resisted by the aristocracy. The attempted reforms during 1904,05,06 were simply not enough. And the wars were simply catalysts.

Once there was a major loss in the East the monarchy lost a lot of prestige.

It is unfortunate that all the revolution just brought authority into a different set of hands. Authority to crush and be obeyed without question.


 No.137

>>123

>Okay, it wasn't communism as described by Marx as the ultimate goal of socialism, but Marx's definition is not the only definition. Communism has come to mean largely the same thing as socialism and the difference between the two depends on who you're talking to.

The revolutionaries at the decades leading up to the first WW realized that Russia had not gone through enough capitalist development to properly transition into communism. Socialism was the only way and there had to be a transition because of this. Capitalism had not oppressed enough people yet and it was theorized that it would take another 40 years of allowing all capitalist treachery before a natural communism could come about.




File: 1430733487574.jpg (92.87 KB, 640x615, 128:123, 3003001_640px.jpg)

 No.38[Reply]

Today I bring you a book that talks about the three million armenians that died prior and during wwI in the hands of the Ottoman empire. Similar to the jews in nazi Germany, or the chinese and koreans with the imperial Japan, there were concentration camps where they Ottoman empire tried to systematically eliminate armenians.

Hope you find this book informative.

 No.39

File: 1430733541523.pdf (2.77 MB, [Guenter_Lewy]_The_Armenia….pdf)

Here's the book.

Post last edited at

 No.92

Sounds like bullshit just like every other mass genocide propaganda.

Armenians were killed, but it wasn't Ottoman policy at the time the Armenians provoked the Ottomans by revolting and burning down Turkish villages, and the Ottomans certainly didn't have any concentration 'death camps'. Germany didn't either, it's all lies and propaganda.

WARNING

Post last edited at

 No.93

>>92

You're entitled to your own opinion and views of the world, but starting your argument with

>sounds like bullshit

Only makes it seem like you're trying to start some kind of fight. If you want to start the discussion, please re-structure your post and try again.

Post last edited at



File: 1431363910864.pdf (4 MB, Who controls the internet.pdf)

 No.40[Reply]

Editor's Note:

''Does the global diffusion of the Internet signify the final end of the state's ability to control society, or is the state on the contrary maintaining

or even strengthening its hold of society f Several observers have taken the latter position, most recently Goldsmith and Wu (2006), authors of Who Controls the Internet?, while critics claim this is grossly misleading, and that international regimes and a myriad of nonstate actors such as private firms and nongovernmental organizations play a much greater role in Internet governance (Mathiason 2007). In our view, thus structured, such debate risks reiterating a much older (and largely stalemated) debate about whether the nation-state is "obstinate or obsolete" (Hoffman 1966), mirrored also in the larger debate about globalization. The goal of the present Forum1 is to reexamine and ultimately problematize this debate by discussing what actors are controlling what aspects of Internet usage, and under what conditions. A brief introduction to this is given in the first essay, written by the Editors. The following contributions demonstrate that, rather than seeking a final word on who controls the Internet, it is more fruitful to unpack the complexity of control in the digital age, and indeed

the diversity and preliminary nature of available analyses. It is also for this reason we have invited contributors who elaborate a variety of perspectives, including a stout defender of

state-centrism (Hamoud Salhi), a contributor who unravels the complexity of public-private partnerships in Internet control (Myriam Dunn Cavelty), and advocates of more critical

perspectives emphasizing complexity (J.P. Singh), interactivity and discourse (M.I. Franklin). We believe that the global scope and spatial origins of the authors in this Forum imply

experiences and outlooks which help reveal new insights and cross-fertilizations, which goes beyond the dominant US-centered perspectives on international relations in general and the

Internet in particular.''

 No.41

File: 1431364040218.jpg (6.11 KB, 47x60, 47:60, jstor_logo.jpg)

pretty image just to add colour :3


 No.42

>>40

>>41

That's pretty good, man. Let me just read it and we can talk about it.


 No.119

>>41

>>40

So tell me, what is your posture on the complexity of internet control? How should we, the common people, react when massive organizations like states an transnational corporations control the internet?




File: 1430364273914.jpg (176.76 KB, 800x408, 100:51, mongol.jpg)

 No.9[Reply]

This time I bring you something less academic, it's a podcast I recently found. This episode in particular, talks about the history of the Genghis Kahn empire, so when you're walking home, at the gym or just relaxing, you can listen it. Enjoy.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_tCcJmn7HA

 No.10


 No.116

http://www.dancarlin.com/product-category/hardcore-history/current-hardcore-history/

You can get recent episodes, including Wrath of the Khans, for free. I have the rest of the earlier episodes. I'll upload them if I can't find the torrent I got them from. Love Carlin's stuff.


 No.117

Do you know why the youtube links were deleted?




File: 1432020904858.jpg (14.58 KB, 314x282, 157:141, chi_rho.JPG)

 No.54[Reply]

I want to understand the history of the Roman Empire and the events surrounding it's rise and downfall. I feel like this would give me a better understanding of history in general, unless there's a better example to study. I know there's a ton of books on the subject, but I want to take the time to understand every aspect of it, preferably through a book of some sort, and would appreciate a recommendation from someone with more knowledge on the subject.

7 posts and 1 image reply omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.67

>>65

Literally millions. Also articles and comics.


 No.68

>>67

Heh, no need to sage, man, this board doesn't move fast enough.


 No.95

So did the citizens of Rome really consider there to be a "collapse"?

Also, how the hell did such a huge empire function without even a printing press? Did they depend entirely on messengers? It seems like communication would be a bitch, it's incredible that they held so much land as long as they did.


 No.100

>>64

Jesus Christ, this website is the reason the governments hate the internet so much.

Thanks.


 No.104

read asimov's foundation.

not joking.

if you have a basic knowledge of how the fall of the empire unfolded you might find it quite interesting.




File: 1432361593570.jpg (247.39 KB, 857x1280, 857:1280, eyewitnessing.jpg)

 No.101[Reply]

Today I bring you a neat little book by Peter Burke, one of the most popular historians with a cultural perspective, where he expresses in a delightful way how the image can be interpreted when used as an historic source.

 No.102

File: 1432361647206.pdf (2.81 MB, [Peter_Burke]_Eyewitnessin….pdf)

Here's the book. Enjoy.




File: 1432160050256.jpg (103.31 KB, 750x351, 250:117, 23.jpg)

 No.74[Reply]

Hello /histories/. I would like to share my thought with you why roman empire rised and had a huge civilization meanwhile others didn't make huge impact.

>the Mediterranean sea trade

before discover of New World, the Mediterranean trade was absolutely gave you prosperity. Notice B:C lots of nation who had a coast to the Mediterranean had rich cities and they had quite good civilizations.

Examples like Carhage, Spartha, Athens,Alexandria,Antioch.

>geography

If you look to Italian Peninsula, you'll see it it very similar to greek cities position

They have some mountain passes which makes hard to get invaded by barbarians

Unlike central or nothern europe this situation let them encounter different nations and civiliziations

>far away from powerful neighbours(talking about military here)

Before start, let me tell you I know once Rome sacked by Gauls, but in that time Romans were inexperiances about issues like this after that they have their lesson

>their military tactics

in that time barbarians military solely based on braveness and "fighting like true warrior"

I'm pretty sure every nation once had this attitude but romans didnt commit this mistake for long.

Their heavily relied discipline and battle formations

>inb4 all barbarians acted like retard in battles

nope, not true. Vercingetorix the leader of Arvernis was very smart compare to his feollow warriors even some Romans

Unlike attack without think, he had cut of supplies burnt enemy resources, he actually could defeat romans but his tribe accused him for being coward and they salied out in a fort attacked without think, which was a terrible mistake and ended up Vercingetorix prisoner

>inventors, smart people and their legacy

with tPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

6 posts and 1 image reply omitted. Click reply to view.

 No.82

>>81

also true, but even in sumer or spring his army couldn't make it to rome, because tribes in alps constanly steal his armies supplies and elphants had very hard time to pass mountains.

should we discuss what we would do if we were hannibal? his stiuation seems very deppressing to me.


 No.83

>>82

Yep he stayed stalemated in Italy for a couple of years… in large part because he didn't get the support he hoped for from Carthage.

>what we would do if we were hannibal?

Full coup d'état home first. Or, alternatively, build an empire in Spain and declare independence.

Carthaginian republic was rotten to its core, he had no way to really succeed, and even if he did, his success wouldn't mean shit if he wouldn't get things in Carthage under control.


 No.84

>>83

oh but spain can't provide good source f money for a good army also lots of cultural difference, not to mention most of people wouldn't want to give up on carthage's richness

by the way I still don't have an idea what would I do if I were him, need to think more


 No.89

>>84

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Médulas

>Las Médulas (As Médulas or As Meduas in Galician language) is a historical site near the town of Ponferrada in the region of El Bierzo (province of León, Castile and León, Spain), which used to be the most important gold mine in the Roman Empire.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/296070?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

>The mining region that contributed most to the imperial treasury was southern Spain

>The prophet Ezekiel refers to the 'silver, iron, tin and lead' that came to the Tyrian market from Tarshish


 No.97

>>89

well, never heard that thanks anon




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