Department of Atomic Energy is carrying out nuclear energy programme in India.
The Indian Nuclear Power Programme has the following three stages.
The Indian Nuclear Power Programme has the following three stages.
1.First Stage: It is already commercial now, comprised setting up of PHWRs (pressurized heavy water reactors) and associated fuel cycle facilities. PHWRs use natural uranium as fuel and heavy water as moderator and coolant. The देसीgn, construction, and the operation of these reactors are undertaken by public sector undertaking the NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited). The company operates 16 reactors (2 Boiling Water Reactors and 14 PHWRs) with a total capacity of 3900 MWe.
2.Second Stage: It was envisaged to set FBRs (Fast Breeder Reactors) along with Reprocessing plants and plutonium-based fuel fabrication plants. Plutonium is produced by irradiation of Uranium-238. The Fast Breeder Programme is in the technology demonstration stage. Under this stage, the IGCAR (Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research) has completed देसीgn of a 500 MWe PFBR (prototype fast breeder reactor) being implemented by BHAVINI (Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam).
3.Third Stage: The Indian Nuclear Power Programme is based on the thorium-uranium-233 cycle.Uranium-233 is obtained by irradiation of thorium. Presently this stage is in technology development phase. The ongoing development of 300 MWe AHWR (advanced heavy water reactor) at BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) concerns thorium utilization and its demonstration.
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Over the past one year, India has been pursuing its case to buy uranium from different countries including Australia and Canada. It is also procuring uranium from Russia. India renewed a contract with the Central एशियाn country to procure 5000 MT of uranium.
After a record production this year, India is working on creating a 'strategic uranium reserve' to ensure its atomic power reactors do not face shortage of the crucial nuclear fuel.
"The reserve pool could be anywhere between 5000 MT to 15,000 MT which can last for 5-10 years," said a senior government official.
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India's first indigenously देसीgned 500-MW fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam would start nuclear power generation by September.
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This project will be completed at any cost now," Mr Fadnavis told PTI.
The Jaitapur project, where the French company Areva is setting up six nuclear reactors with a total power generation capacity of about 10,000 MW, has been stuck for long due to differences over the cost of electricity.
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Canada will supply 3,000 MT of uranium over the next five years at a cost of USD 254 million.
"For a developed country to be a partner country of a state is not a small decision… I will return home tomorrow but I can never forget Canada's love," he said.
Prime Minister Harper described Mr Modi's visit as "historic" and said his country wanted to work with India in enhancing trade, investments and working in the security area.
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India will sign a contract with Kazakhstan to procure 5,000 metric tonnes of uranium Kazakhstan is one of the major uranium suppliers to India. It has 15 per cent of the world's uranium resources and became the leading uranium-producing country in 2009.
Apart from Kazakhstan, India also has an agreement with Uzbekistan, another Central एशियाn country, to procure uranium.
India's reactors had been running under capacity for all these years due to lack of fuel.
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India and Australia had last year signed a landmark civil nuclear deal, clearing the way for Canberra to sell uranium to the energy-starved country for power generation.
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The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on Thursday to locate the first internationally-controlled bank of low-enriched uranium in the ex-Soviet nation to ensure fuel supplies for power stations and prevent nuclear proliferation.
Set to become fully operational in 2017, is intended to provide IAEA member states with confidence in a steady and predictable supply of fuel even if other routes are disrupted.
The storage facility will be located not far from Semipalatinsk where the Soviet Union tested nuclear weapons. By the time of its 1989 closure following growing popular protests, Semipalatinsk had held 30 surface, 88 atmospheric and 340 underground tests.
The mineral-rich Central एशियाn nation of 17.5 million is the world's largest uranium producer and holds more than 15 percent of global uranium reserves, second only to Australia. It has no nuclear power stations of its own.
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