More or less, it's the view that a revolution can be carried out without a vanguard, without the working-class, and even without the peasantry for the most part, so long as there are a few inspirational heroes with an "advanced" consciousness who are willing to selflessly give their lives to the cause.
Two good reads:
https://www.marxists.org/history/erol/1960-1970/guevarapl69.pdf
http://ml-review.ca/aml/MLOB/GuerrilaEliteFIN.htm
Guevara was both sincere in his beliefs and brave in battle, but as Hoxha noted he did not fight as a Marxist-Leninist. His mistaken views on how revolution was to be carried out were pretty disastrous for the Latin American left in the 60s-70s.
As for his views on economics, see: http://www.revolutionarydemocracy.org/rdv11n1/che.htm