>>3317
The main factor in apparent power loss for laser beams at moon-earth distance scales is beam spread. Even for precision lasers, it will never be the case that the beam stays the the same width forever. Even given a minute beam spread angle, the light from a laser on Earth would be spread out over a large area on the moon. With a retroreflector on the moon, the effective area of the reflected light on earth would quadruple, with a corresponding drop in observed brightness.
With that in mind, the main factors to consider to calculate necessary wattage would be beam spread angle, beam wavelength, minimum detectable photon count, and round-trip distance to the moon.