This is the entry from my factbook:
The Context
The point of historical divergence occurs during the New York Draft Riots of 1863. Masses of working class whites, both native and immigrant, had already staged an uprising against conscription into the Union military. They saw the American Civil War as a struggle between only the Northern industrialists and the Southern planters, with little benefit to the common man. In addition, the recently delivered Emancipation Proclamation led many to fear that hordes of free blacks would drive down wages, threaten white employment in the competition for a steady job and intrude on already overcrowded residential space.
The Divergence
In this timeline, the sentiment of the riots manages to further materialize into general strikes, workplace sabotage, as well as political boycotts and mass demonstrations by Copperhead Democrats. Newspaper reports of the turmoil on the homefront reach Union soldiers enduring miserable conditions on the frontlines. Mutinies become a problem spiraling out of control; popular civil insurrections begin once some of these mutinies lead to armories being opened up and weapons smuggled back to rioters throughout the Northern states.
Over the course of a year, not only the Union war machine, but in fact the very Union itself, starts dissolving in the face of a burgeoning class war checkered with ongoing race riots and street lynchings. The Confederacy begins allowing its own draftees back home for the sake of gradually returning to normalcy, and reviving a focus on domestic prosperity as the enemy slowly ceases to be a threat. However, the return of many disciplined veterans to the stratified society of the Old South, coupled with the stories of Northern class struggle, prod a mirror insurrection to break out on the other end of the Mason-Dixon line.
The Consolidation
By the winter of 1867, three and a half years since the original draft riots, what will come to be remembered as the Second Revolutionary War draws to its close. The rebellions in both the former Union and Confederacy had overflowed into a common front in the last few months. Analogous complaints of class-based exploitation, mutual disgust towards the American black minority, as well as the previous Confederate propaganda campaigns regarding regional and local sovereignty, all fuse into a peculiar variety of anarchism.
A new and nameless confederacy of nested councils spans the former United States. White Americans have organized themselves in the shape of what would today be called a "communist utopia" or "anarchy". However, the pervading wariness and suspicion of both the free and enslaved black populace at the time prevented a truly classless society from forming. Slaves were kept in their chains when the plantations were appropriated from the former planters, and northern populations of free blacks were captured and made into chattel once again.
The Current Day
Local slave populations now exist under the authority of their white commune. The onset of mechanization, digital and telecommunications technology, and the exploration of automation has eliminated some of the work once carried out by slaves. This has allowed the revolutionary whites of the confederacy to begin authorizing their usage for more and more personal purposes than productive. A new age of leisure and creativity has dawned.
Since the end of the Second Revolutionary War, the nameless anarchist confederacy has spread throughout North, Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands. White Canadians and Hispanics descended from the peninsular and criollo colonial castes have had their class systems overthrown, and have been integrated into the white populace. All indigenous and mixed peoples of the Americas, the blacks in the Caribbean and the early Chinese immigrants to the West have been corralled into a multiracial slave population, serving the confederated white communes of the transcontinental anarchy.
New non-whites are brought over from across the world by the slave trade, which was restored after the Revolution. When possible, they are purchased from pre-existing markets and traffickers. When these institutions are absent, expeditionary people's militias board the slave ships to go raiding for fresh chattel.